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These useful baby and kid products were among the most-purchased Wirecutter picks in 2021. Lactose is the sole carbohydrate, and the formula has added whey (making the protein ratio 60% whey and 40% casein). It also has lactose as the main carbohydrate with no added sugars. This guide builds on research and reporting from Wirecutter senior editor Courtney Schley. A proposed class action claims certain Burts Bees cosmetic products contain undisclosed per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) known to be harmful to humans. WebBurt's Bees Natural Pet Care is made in the United States. Cytidine-5-Monophosphate, Adenosine-5-Monophosphate, Makes DNA and RNA (building blocks of our genetic material). Lactose (the same sugar thats in breast milk) is the only carbohydrate. Read our Newswire Disclaimer. Its the least expensive organic formula we found that has lactose as its only carbohydrate, and it contains extra nutrients. L-carnitine is made by the human body, but newborns can be deficient. (If you want to learn more about why some parents are drawn to European formulas, read our article on this topic.) 2-day shipping. But [formula makers] are nowhere close to creating human milk, Thomas said. Stage 1 can be used for babies 0 to 12 months. 9.99 each 8.69 per 100ml . NATURAL ORIGIN Select Size: Two Pack Single 4 pack One-time purchase Autoship (Most Popular) Though slightly more expensive than Kirkland Signature ProCare and Members Mark Infant, Targets Up & Up Advantage Infant Formula is still one of the least expensive formulas we found, yet it contains many of the same beneficial ingredients as much more expensive formulas. Finally, we considered cost. If you want to feed your baby a formula made from USDA-certified organic ingredients, we recommend Earths Best Organic Infant Formula. WebSkin care brands like Curology and Riversol were founded by dermatologists, while Kylie Skin and Fenty Skin are the namesake brands of celebrities. Burt's Bees Baby Baby Girl Sleep and Play PJs, 100% Organic Cotton One-Piece Romper Jumpsuit Zip Front Pajamas. Advance: lactose; lycopene; galactooligosaccharides; protein from nonfat milk and whey is 48% whey and 52% casein, Pro-Advance: lactose; 2-FL and fructooligosaccharides; protein from nonfat milk and whey is 48% whey and 52% casein, Organic: sucrose, maltodextrin, and lactose; lycopene; fructooligosaccharides; this formula does not have added whey, only nonfat milk, making the protein 18% whey and 82% casein, Organic A2 (currently unavailable): sucrose, maltodextrin and lactose; lycopene; fructooligosaccharides; formula is made from A2 milk; this formula does not have added whey, only nonfat A2 milk, making the protein 18% whey and 82% casein, Pure Bliss: lactose; galactooligosaccharides; formula is made from milk from grass-fed cows; the protein from nonfat milk and whey is 48% whey and 52% casein, 360 Total Care: lactose; five prebiotics (2-Fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3-Fucosyllactose, 6-Sialyllactose, 3-Sialyllactose); the protein from nonfat milk and whey is 48% whey and 52% casein, 360 Total Care Sensitive: corn syrup; five prebiotics (2-Fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3-Fucosyllactose, 6-Sialyllactose, 3-Sialyllactose); the protein from milk protein isolate is 18% whey and 82% casein, For Spit-Up (currently unavailable): corn syrup and sugar instead of lactose; rice starch as a thickener (Young points out that there is little evidence that rice starch helps with painful spit-up); lycopene; galactooligosaccharides; this formula does not have added whey, and it uses milk protein isolate as the protein source, making the protein 18% whey and 82% casein, Sensitive: corn-syrup solids instead of lactose; lycopene; galactooligosaccharides; this formula does not have added whey, and it uses milk protein isolate as the protein source, making the protein 18% whey and 82% casein, Pro-Sensitive: corn-syrup solids instead of lactose; lycopene, 2-FL, and fructooligosaccharides; this formula does not have added whey, and uses milk protein isolate as the protein source, making the protein 18% whey and 82% casein, For Supplementation: marketed as a formula for babies who are also fed human milk, but it meets the same criteria as all formulas; it has lactose, galactooligosaccharides, and lycopene, and the protein is 48% whey and 52% casein, Total Comfort: maltodextrin instead of lactose; lycopene; galactooligosaccharides; the protein is 100% partially hydrolyzed whey (no casein), Pro-Total Comfort: maltodextrin instead of lactose; lycopene; 2-FL; the protein is 100% partially hydrolyzed whey (no casein), Alimentum: hypoallergenic formula that contains fully hydrolyzed proteins and is meant for babies with milk intolerance and/or allergy. Like ProCare and Members Mark, this formula is manufactured by Perrigo; it is also sold as CVS Advantage, Sams Club Advantage, Walgreens Advantage, Aldis Little Journey Advantage, and Amazon Brand Mama Bear Advantage, among others. Up & Up Sensitivity is made by Perrigo, and it is also sold as Amazons Mama Bear Sensitivity, CVS Health Sensitivity, Aldi Little Journey Sensitivity, and Members Mark Sensitivity, among other store brands. Nestl SMA Nutrition Althra is a hypoallergenic formula made with extensively hydrolyzed whey proteins. And this formula leaves out some ingredients commonly added to US formulas, such as nucleotides, beta-carotene, and taurine (beta-carotene and taurine are naturally found in the milk used in many US formulas). The company has been in business for 17 years. journalist larry joseph; primark cookie skillet instructions; thirteen days decision making traps It is similar to Enfamil A.R. Also, Im fascinated by nutrition science. And some ingredients act as emulsifiers or thickeners for the formulas consistency. This gut health support* vitamins formula is also free of carriers, fillers & artificial ingredients. Update March, Unlike Similac Alimentum but like Nutramigen, it also contains palm oil. They all contain 2-O-Fucosyllactose (2-FL) as a prebiotic, and either B. lactis or L. reuteri as probiotics. The lawsuit looks to represent anyone in the U.S. who purchased Burts Bees cosmetics that contained PFAS, including the All Aflutter Mascara, Nourishing Mascara and Lip Shimmer products, within the applicablestatute of limitationsperiod. We started our research in 2017 by building a list of all infant formulas made by the four major US companies that make formula: Mead Johnson (Enfamil); Abbott Nutrition (Similac); Nestl (Gerber); and Perrigo (which makes generic formulas). Because European formulas are not FDA-regulated, and shipping them abroad carries risks, experts recommend against using them in the US.

It has no soy or palm oils, and it contains protein from whole milk, whey protein, and nonfat milk. LIP MOISTURIZER: Pamper your skin with this lip treatment that leaves lips soft, smooth and hydrated. WebBurts Bees Baby Calming Shampoo and Wash is made with natural moisturizers and the soothing scents of aromatic lavender and vanilla to gently cleanse and calm your baby before bedtime. These are sugars that feed gut microbes. As noted above, most babies tolerate switching formulas well, and the ingredients in the old and new versions differ very little. For this reason, we didnt consider any sensitive formulas that were lactose-free. (If the label lists milk in addition to hydrolyzed milk or hydrolyzed whey, then it contains both intact and partially hydrolyzed proteins.) If youre looking for other baby-feeding gear, consult our guide to the best baby bottles (and bottle brush). Filed: February 15, 2022 3:22-cv-00935. The company was founded in 2000, and in 2019 it was acquired by China Mengniu Dairy Company. Add . Options from $13.95 $30.09. Kendamil is a UK-based brand that has been in business for nearly 60 years. Available in over 250 stores. All ingredients in formula are proven to be safe. And when it comes to formula companies touting certain ingredients as improving babies development or cognition, Young tells parents to be skeptical. 54.97 each . On February 28, Abbott also recalled one lot of Similac PM 60/40 formula. Last Updated on February 28, 2022 10:40 AM. WebBurt?s Bees Volumizing Mascara in Navy adds instant volume while also naturally curling and lengthening your lashes.. Aside from formulas for babies who have particular medical needs, there are formulas marketed for constipation, colic, spit-up, or fussiness; for certain stages of infant development; and for babies who are supplemented with formula while breastfeeding. Following the publication of that study, green product investigation organization Mamavationperformed its own testingof cosmetic products marketed as environmentally sustainable, eco-friendly and made with natural ingredients. Burts Bees is formulated for all life stages, and its pH-balanced to be safe for the little pups.

They make two-piece, long-sleeved pajama sets as well as footed one-piece sleepers. WebSINGLE USE LIP MASK: Moisturize and define your lips with this single-use Burts Bees Lip Mask; packaging may vary. In February 2022, Abbott Nutrition recalled certain lots of Similac, Alimentum, and EleCare powdered formulas, as well as one lot of the medical formula Similac PM Finally, we analyzed the nutrition and ingredients labels of some 50 formulas to understand the differences and similarities among them. In other words, Bobbie is designed to mimic European formulas while still meeting FDA requirements. As with Alimentum or Nutramigen, its main carbohydrate is a corn-based sugar (corn-syrup solids), its protein is in the form of casein hydrolysate (a kind of hydrolyzed protein), and it contains soy oil. Burts Bees Baby Ultra Gentle Organic Formula uses 100% partially hydrolyzed whey proteins as its protein to make it easier to digest, and unlike Earths Best Organic Gentle, it does not contain intact proteins. Porto said it can be hard to determine whether its the formula that might be causing trouble for your baby (and, if so, which component of the formula). Earths Best Organic Low Lactose Sensitivity has corn-syrup solids as the main carbohydrate, and the protein sources are organic milk proteins and whey proteins. Formulas can range from just under 50 to nearly $2 per ounce of powder or more; this translates to about 45 to $1.75 per 6-ounce bottle. (All partially hydrolyzed formulas include another sweetener in addition to lactose, so this criterion doesnt apply to them.). Servings: 1. Unlike our main picks, this formula is available in a smaller, 35-ounce size. But if youre choosing a generic, especially if youve had your baby on the brand-name equivalent, it may be worth comparing the ingredients lists. WebHighlights. Free Of Cruelty, parabens, phthalates, artificial colors. The Earths Best representative we corresponded with said its policy is not to disclose which company manufactures its formula.

Brand-name and store-brand formulas are nearly identical. In July 2022, Bobbie started selling its formula at Target as well as by subscription. This formula is also sold as Up & Up Infant, Parents Choice Premium Infant, and Mama Bear Infant, among others, so its easy to find. The complaint alleges Burts Bees knew that the lip products contained synthetic ingredients yet nevertheless mislabeled the items. Young says for some babies, palm oil might contribute to constipation, but most infants are able to pass stool while consuming palm oil just fine. Porto said if a formula-fed baby has hard stools, palm oil wouldnt be the first thing he would consider as a culprit. Our journalists combine independent research with (occasionally) over-the-top testing so you can make quick and confident buying decisions. Burts Bees doesnt fall into either of these categories. Independent testing of the Burts Bees All Aflutter Mascara, Nourishing Mascara and Lip Shimmer products, however, has shown that the items contain high levels of organic fluoride, a marker for PFAS, according to the complaint. According to the FDA, this formulameant for babies who are allergic to cows milk or who have other food allergiesis intended for use under medical supervision., Enfamil, Gerber, Similac, Perrigo Nutrition, Kabrita, Else, Serenity Kids, LittleOak, Babys Only, and a few other companies also produce toddler formula, or toddler milk, which is marketed for babies older than a year. The lawsuit relays that exposure to PFAS through the skin, such as through the application of cosmetic products, is very concerning and could cause a buildup of PFAS in a persons body over time that could have detrimental health effects. Batches of infant formula are being recalled over concerns it could contain dangerous bacteria. Step 1 can be used for babies 0 to 12 months (though in Australia it is generally used for 0 to 6 months old), and Step 2 should be used only for babies 6 to 12 months old. Add to cart Minimum purchase quantity is 3 Goodwipes Body Wipes Fresh Travel Pack -- 10 Wipes (2) $3.29 Add to cart Minimum purchase quantity is 2 Simple Truth Facial Wipes Coconut Water -- 30 Wipes If you need an amino-acid-based formula, which contains only the building blocks of proteins, you can get Enfamil PurAmino, EleCare, or Neocate Infant. We read more than a dozen scientific studies, journal articles, reports, and advances regarding baby formula in order to understand its ingredients, nutrients, and other components. Infant: lactose; polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides; the protein from nonfat milk and whey is 60% whey and 40% casein, NeuroPro Infant: lactose; polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides; milk fat globule membrane (MFGM); the protein from nonfat milk and whey is 60% whey and 40% casein, Enspire: lactose; polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides; lactoferrin; milk fat globule membrane (MFGM); the protein from nonfat milk and whey is 60% whey and 40% casein, Premium A2: A2 milk; lactose; polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides; the protein from skim milk and whey is 60% whey and 40% casein, NeuroPro Sensitive: corn-syrup solids instead of lactose; milk fat globule membrane (MFGM); the protein from milk protein isolate and whey is55% whey and 45% casein, A.R. Burts Bees Baby Sensitive Organic Formula has glucose syrup and maltodextrin as the main carbohydrates. Like our other store-brand picks, its made by Perrigo, and it is also sold as CVS Health Hypoallergenic Infant Formula, Mama Bear Hypoallergenic Infant Formula, Walgreens Well Beginnings Hypoallergenic Infant Formula, and Parents Choice Hypoallergenic Infant Formula, among others. These ingredients act as emulsifiers (help keep oils from separating), thickeners, stabilizers (prolong shelf life), and/or provide pH control. Aussie Bubs formula is manufactured in Australia. Targets formula is made with extensively hydrolyzed casein proteins and is typically appropriate for babies who have certain diagnoses, like cows-milk protein allergy. (Imagine youre lactose-intolerant and you order an almond-milk latte but still put whipped cream on top.). WebBurt's Bees 100% Natural Moisturizing Lip Balm, with Beeswax, Vitamin E & Peppermint Oil, 3 Tubes 1329 4.7 out of 5 Stars. It contains corn-syrup solids and sucrose instead of lactose, and the protein comes from milk protein isolate with no added whey. ClassAction.org is a group of online professionals (designers, developers and writers) with years of experience in the legal industry. Both brands offer free shipping only if you subscribe to regular deliveries; for one-time purchases, you pay between $8 and $25 in shipping fees depending on how many cans you buy. Up & Up Complete Comfort, manufactured by Perrigo, is also sold under other store brands as Complete Comfort formulas. This formula contains intact proteins (in the nonfat milk) in addition to partially hydrolyzed whey proteins, which would negate any benefits the broken-down proteins might have. Bobbie contains more DHA (at 20 mg/100 calories) than any other formula available in the US, aligning with European standards, according to a Bobbie spokesperson. A Pediatrics in Review article states that primary lactose intolerance is rare in children, and most healthy babies are able to tolerate lactose, whether from cows milk or human milk. Under-eye skin is delicate and prone to dryness. This certification ensures high 2023 Wirecutter, Inc., A New York Times Company, Kirkland Signature ProCare Non-GMO Infant Formula, A little more expensive, available in smaller quantities, Parents Choice Tender Non-GMO Infant Formula, gentle, tender, or partially hydrolyzed, Walgreens Well Beginnings Hypoallergenic Infant Formula, Parents Choice Hypoallergenic Infant Formula, Earths Best Organic Dairy Infant Formula, Our pick: Kirkland Signature ProCare Non-GMO Infant Formula, Also great: Up & Up Advantage Infant Formula, The best gentle formula: Parents Choice Tender Infant Formula, The best hypoallergenic formula: Up & Up Hypoallergenic Infant Formula, The best organic formula: Earths Best Organic Infant Formula, Foreign formula brought in to alleviate the US shortage, The Pediatricians Guide to Feeding Babies and Toddlers, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Burts Bees Baby Ultra Gentle Organic Formula, Gerber Good Start Gentle Supreme (formerly Good Start A2), Burts Bees Baby Infant Milk Organic Formula, Earths Best Organic Low Lactose Sensitivity, Burts Bees Baby Sensitive Organic Formula, certain foreign formulas to be sold in the US, Bubs Organic Grass Fed Infant Formula Stage 1, professor of pediatrics at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and founder of BabyFormulaExpert.com, pediatric gastroenterologist and pediatrics professor at Yale University, professor of pediatrics at the University of California San Diego Medical School and director of the Bode Lab, Review of Infant Feeding: Key Features of Breast Milk and Infant Formula, Standard Infant Formula and Formula FeedingCow Milk Protein Formulas, Human milk oligosaccharides: every baby needs a sugar mama, Things to Help Your Babyand YouSleep Better, Wirecutters Most Popular Picks for Babies and Kids in 2022, Wirecutters 100 Most Popular Picks for Babies and Kids in 2021, The Things You Need Before You Bring Your Baby Home, Lactose, maltodextrin, corn syrup, sugar, sucrose, and/or rice starch, Palm, safflower, soy, coconut, and/or sunflower oils, Non-fat milk, whey, hydrolyzed whey, milk protein isolate, soy protein, Calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, or calcium hydroxide, Magnesium phosphate or potassium phosphate, Potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, or potassium phosphate, DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate or mixed tocopherol concentrate. Defendants represent that the Products are safe and effective for their intended use, and reasonable consumers expect that cosmetic Products marketed and sold to be applied to a persons face and skin, and especially near the eyes and on lips, will not contain dangerous, humanmade chemicals like PFAS, the complaint says. This browser does not support PDFs. 25 Feb/23. Porto said that when a baby is having issues digesting a formula, its usually due to the protein and not the carbohydrate. Considered an immune-supporting protein. A pair of class action lawsuits have been filed collectively against Burts Bees and CoverGirl Cosmetics over the alleged presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl 6.79 each 3.40 per 100g . Its clinically shown to provide all-day moisture to help heal extremely dry skin and help restore the skins moisture barrier. Measurements for Kendamil formulas are in milliliters instead of ounces, and bottle preparation may differ from that of US formulas. But it has many of the same potentially beneficial additives as much more expensive brands. Burt's Bees Baby Baby Boy Sleeper Pajamas, Zip Up Non-Slip Footed PJs, 100% Organic Cotton. There has been quite a bit of research done, but the results are mixedsome show benefit, and some show no benefit. They make two-piece, long-sleeved pajama sets as well as footed one-piece sleepers. Like our picks, the Enfamil partially hydrolyzed formulas have DHA and ARA, taurine, and L-carnitine. It is similar to Similac Pro-Total Comfortboth contain corn maltodextrin as the main carbohydrate, partially hydrolyzed whey as the source of protein, and 2-FL as a prebiotic, and neither contains palm oil. : maltodextrin in addition to lactose; rice starch as a thickener (Young points out that there is no solid evidence that rice starch reduces painful spit-up); polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides; the protein is from nonfat milk and has no added whey, Simply Organic: lactose and maltodextrin; galactooligosaccharides; the protein is from organic nonfat milk and does not contain added whey. This Burts bees beeswax lip balm is not recommended for those with allergic reactions of the lips, because it contains multiple essential oils that serve as fragrance additives and that are known for potentially triggering allergic reactions, including limonene, linalool, and eugenol. By | March 29, 2023 | 0 | March 29, 2023 | 0 At two-thirds the price of brand-name formulas, its the cheapest partially hydrolyzed formula we found. This article was edited by Courtney Schley, Tracy Vence, and Kalee Thompson. Brand-name and store-name formulas are nearly identical, a 2017 article on infant feeding in the journal Pediatrics states. Add to Cart. Here are details on some of the main extras youll find in baby formula (see the chart above for a full list): Though these additives are all recognized as being safe by the FDA, a 2017 article on infant nutrition in Pediatrics in Review concluded: The benefits of these additives are still under investigation. Research into human milk is ongoing. Additionally, scoop sizes in different countries may be different, so be sure to always use the scoop that comes with the formula youre preparing. We then analyzed the ingredients of more than 60 formulas to find the ones that we think offer the best combination of evidence-backed benefits and value. Im a freelance science writer with a PhD in cell biology. Its clinically shown to provide all-day moisture to help heal extremely dry skin and help restore the skins moisture barrier. WebGet head-to-toe care for extremely dry, sensitive skin. This guide is intended as an introduction to baby formula. jim martin death couples massage class san diego beaver falls football burt's bees formula recall. Im also the author of Wirecutters guide to the best cloth face masks for kids, the best infant car seats, and the best convertible car seats; Ive also covered other health topics for The Atlantic, Undark, Smithsonian, and more. Dont Miss Out! 105. Per the case, a June 2021 study titled Fluorinated Compounds in North American Cosmeticsfoundthat a strikingly high number of cosmetic products contained high concentrations of fluoride, indicating PFAS were likely present in the items. Bellamys Organic Infant Formula Step 1 (and Step 2) is an organic-milk-based formula with carbohydrates primarily in the form of lactose. Burt's Bees 8.4 fl.oz. Many formulas have added ingredients that are meant to confer benefits associated with human milk, but the effectiveness of these additives is still under investigation. This Costco formula is as effective as any other traditional formula. It also contains palm oil, and the protein is from organic nonfat milk and whey. Lactose is the sole carbohydrate, and the protein is from organic whole milk, alpha-lactalbumin (a prominent protein in human milk), and hydrolyzed whey, making the protein ratio 80% whey and 20% casein. Like Kirkland Signature ProCare (and the brand-name Similac Pro-Advance), Up & Up Advantage uses lactose as the sole carbohydrate, the protein is from nonfat milk and whey protein (making the protein in this formula about 50% whey and 50% casein), and includes the extra nutrients DHA and ARA, lutein, taurine, L-carnitine, nucleotides, and two prebiotics (fructooligosaccharides and 2-FL). We also did not consider formulas intended for babies who are premature or who have certain other medical conditions, including formulas whose proteins come in the form of amino acids (such as Abbotts EleCare or Enfamil PurAmino). It is found in human milk in variable amounts. Unlike Similac formulas, these store brands have palm oil. Burts Bees Lip Crayon; Per the case, the items listed above contain hydrogenated castor oil, apricot kernel oil, vegetable oil and coco-glycerides. Recalls due to potential pathogens are rare, but they do happen, and sometimes recalls happen for other reasons (such as things ending up in the formula that dont belong there). Both Bobbie and ByHeart contain slightly less iron than many US formulas do but remain within FDA guidelines in that regard. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. We think our picks offer the best value and meet an array of caregiver preferences. Up & Up Advantage (and the equivalent generics) are available in smaller, 12.4-ounce and 23.2-ounce sizes, as well as in a 35-ounce size. LIP CARE: Bursting with sweet tropical flavor, refresh and nourish your lips with Pomegranate Burt's Bees Moisturizing Lip Balm. Measurements for Aussie Bubs formulas are in milliliters instead of ounces, and bottle preparation may differ from that of US formulas. And we talked with formula-industry leaders, including Laura Modi, CEO and co-founder of Bobbie; Ron Belldegrun, CEO and co-founder of ByHeart; and Kristy Carr, founder and CEO of Aussie Bubs. Add . It contains lactoferrin, lutein, plus omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. WebBurt's Bees Hydrating Eye Gel Cream is your new essential for eyes. A nutritional antioxidant that appears to be involved in brain and eye development, A mix of phospholipids, fats, and proteins coating the fats in milk. New cases and investigations, settlement deadlines, and news straight to your inbox. It contains rice starch as a thickener (Young points out that there isnt good evidence that rice starch reduces painful reflux), and it also has maltodextrin and lactose as carbohydrates. It also includes a prebiotic (galactooligosaccharides). This Target formula also uses lactose as its sole carbohydrate, and it has many of the same extra nutrients as formulas that cost twice as much. Bubs Organic Grass Fed Infant Formula Stage 1 (and Stage 2) is the first organic infant formula to be available in the US thats made from grass-fed cows milk. Parents Choice Tender uses only partially hydrolyzed milk protein, and it contains no intact proteins, as some formulas labeled gentle or tender do. The Burts Bees Dog Shampoo is safe and not being recalled. Aside from carbohydrates and fats, cows-milk formulas contain different forms of milk proteins: For this guide, we considered only intact (traditional), intact organic, and partially hydrolyzed (sometimes called tender or gentle) formulas. Bridget Young, PhD, professor of pediatrics at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and founder of BabyFormulaExpert.com, phone interview, February 9, 2018, September 30, 2020, and March 1, 2022, Anthony Porto, MD, pediatric gastroenterologist and pediatrics professor at Yale University, phone interview, February 21, 2018, October 16, 2020, and February 22, 2022, Jenny Thomas, MD, pediatrician and breastfeeding medicine specialist, phone interview, March 8, 2018, Lars Bode, PhD, professor of pediatrics at the University of California San Diego Medical School and director of the Bode Lab, phone interview, March 9, 2018, Laura Modi, CEO and co-founder of Bobbie, phone interviews, October 26, 2020, and May 24, 2022, Ron Belldegrun, CEO and co-founder of ByHeart, phone interview, May 13, 2022, Kristy Carr, founder and CEO of Aussie Bubs, phone interview, June 7, 2022, Grace J. Ahern, et al., Advances in Infant Formula Science, Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, March 2019, The National Academies Press, Institute of Medicine, Infant Formula: Evaluating the Safety of New Ingredients, 2004, Camilla R. Martin, et al., Review of Infant Feeding: Key Features of Breast Milk and Infant Formula, Nutrients, May 1, 2016, Dina M. DiMaggio, et al., Updates in Infant Nutrition, Pediatrics in Review, October 1, 2017, Tracy P. Milbrandt, MD, Standard Infant Formula and Formula FeedingCow Milk Protein Formulas, Pediatrics in Review, May 1, 2017, Tracy P. Milbrandt, MD, Specialized Infant Formulas, Pediatrics in Review, May 1, 2017, Lars Bode, PhD, Human milk oligosaccharides: every baby needs a sugar mama, Glycobiology, September 1, 2012.